The Haney Test

An Evaluation of Soil Biological Activity

Photo by Dan Crummett. Progressive Farmer Contributor

Dr. Rick Haney, a soil scientist with the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA ARS), created the Haney soil test. It is sometimes called the Haney test or the Soil Health Tool. The Haney test measures the health of the soil and its capacity to provide nutrients to plants. The Haney test offers a more comprehensive evaluation of soil biological activity, organic matter, nutrient availability, and overall soil health than conventional tests, which only measure nutrient levels. An outline of the Haney test is given below:

1. Soil Sampling: A soil probe or auger is commonly used to gather samples for the Haney test while adhering to accepted soil sampling procedures. To account for changes in soil texture, management techniques, and vegetation kinds, samples are taken from several points around the field or garden.

   1. Test Components: The Haney test consists of multiple analyses that provide insights into different aspects of soil health:

      a. Solvita Respiration Test: This test gauges the respiration of the soil, which represents microbial activity and the breakdown of organic matter. It calculates the rate of potential nutrient mineralization and biological activity in the soil.

      b. Water Extractable Organic Carbon (WEOC): This analysis quantifies the amount of dissolved organic carbon in the soil, which indicates the soil's organic matter content and the potential for nutrient release.

      c. Extractable Nutrients: The Haney test measures several nutrients, including macronutrients, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, nitrogen (in ammonium and nitrate forms), and micronutrients. These data allow for an evaluation of the soil's nutrient availability.

      d. Soil Health Calculations: The Soil Health Score (SHS) and the Soil Health Calculation (SHC) are two soil health parameters calculated using the Haney test, incorporating the findings from many investigations. These variables offer a comprehensive evaluation of the health and availability of the soil's nutrients.

2. Interpretation of Results: Dr. Rick Haney created precise standards and thresholds used to interpret the findings of the Haney test. Based on the collected parameters, these guidelines assist users in assessing soil health and nutrient availability. The results can be used to direct soil health management procedures, soil improvement strategies, and nutrient management.

Advantages of the Haney Test:

1. Comprehensive Soil Health Assessment: By considering biological activity, organic matter content, and nutrient availability, the Haney test offers a more comprehensive understanding of soil health. This more thorough evaluation assists in identifying potential barriers to plant growth beyond nutritional shortages.

2. Dynamic Approach: The dynamic nature of soil health and nutrient availability is captured by the Haney test. It provides a more accurate picture of the soil's capacity to feed plant nutrients by considering the interaction between organic matter, microbial activity, and nutrient cycling.

3. Practical Application: Because of how easily understandable the Haney test results are provided, farmers, gardeners, and land managers can use them. The findings can assist in informed decisions about how to manage soil, including those on fertilizer applications, organic matter amendments, and techniques for improving soil health in general.

Limitations and Considerations:

Newer Testing Method: The Haney test is a relatively new method of assessing soil, and its interpretations are continually improving. Although it provides insightful information about soil health, it may not replace standard soil tests for recommendations on specific nutrients in some situations. Therefore, getting both types of tests and comparing the results is best. Sometimes they are dramatically different.

Site-Specific Interpretation: Depending on the geographical location, crop type, and particular soil conditions, the results of the Haney test may need different interpretations. For correct interpretation and implementation, it is advised to seek local knowledge and assistance from agricultural extension agencies or soil scientists.

Conclusion

The Haney test offers a thorough evaluation of the condition of the soil and the availability of nutrients, enabling farmers, gardeners, and land managers to choose the best methods for managing the soil. The Haney test is a valuable technique for promoting soil health overall and improving soil fertility by considering the biological, chemical, and physical elements of soil health.

Photo Source: https://www.dtnpf.com/agriculture/web/ag/crops/article/2017/11/03/new-way-measure-soil-health-mimics